• Symbol meaning
• Combination of graphical symbols
• Creation principles
• Basic pattern
• Application of symbol originals
• Creation procedure
• Designation systems

This multipart standard addresses the basic rules for creating graphical symbols for use on equipment, including line widths, form and use of arrows, negation elements, and use of the basic pattern that serves as a guideline for drawing equipment symbols. These design principles are required to be used for all graphical symbols on equipment; the standardized graphical symbols for which are found in ISO 7000 and IEC 60417.

• General principles
• Definitions of arrow forms and specific meaning
• Movement
• Speed and acceleration
• Special meaning of function and force
• Dimensions

This international standard addresses the basic rules for creating graphical symbols for use on equipment, including line widths, form and use of arrows, negation elements, and use of the basic pattern that serves as a guideline for drawing equipment symbols. These design principles are required to be used for all graphical symbols on equipment; the standardized graphical symbols for which are found in ISO 7000 and IEC 60417.

Methods to assess comprehensibility of graphical symbols

• Terms and definitions
• Procedures
• Tests using printed presentation
• Accepting a variant as a standard graphical symbol
• Collection of information
• Comprehensibility judgments test
• Comprehension test
• Approved testing

This international standard specifies:

• The procedure to be used in gathering the information needed to request standardization of graphical symbols.
• The method to be used in testing which variant of a graphical symbol is judged the most comprehensible.
• The method to be used in testing the extent to which a variant of a graphical symbol communicates its intended message.

The purpose of this international standard is to ensure that graphical symbols, and signs using graphical symbols, are readily understood. It in no way ensures compliance with prohibitions or warnings using graphical symbols or symbol signs designed in accordance with this international standard.

Design of computer icons that represent objects

• Conceptual construction of object icons
• Object icon requirements and recommendations
• Icon specifications
• Minimum information to be given when submitting an icon

ISO/IEC 11581-2 applies to icons that are shown on a screen, that users can manipulate and interact with, and that represent data, or computer system functions. This part of ISO/IEC 11581 addresses only object icons. "Objects icons" is a term used in ISO/IEC 11581-2 to describe icons that represent functions by association with an object and that can be moved and opened. Other types of icons, listed in the foreword, are covered in other parts of the standard.

Annex A describes the information to be given when submitting new object icons for inclusion in this part of ISO/IEC 11581.

Design of computer icons that represent objects

• Conceptual construction of action icons
• Action icon requirements and recommendations
• Action icon specifications

ISO/IEC 11581-6 applies to icons that are shown on a screen, that users can manipulate and interact with, and that represent data or computer system functions. This part of ISO/IEC 11581 addresses only action icons. Action icons represent actions by association with objects that prompt the user to recall the intended actions. This part of ISO/IEC 11581 describes user interaction with and appearance of action icons on the screen. Other types of icons listed in the foreword, are covered in other parts of the standard.

Visual characteristics of dynamic visual displays

• Specifications and measurement methods
• Design viewing position and illumination range
• Luminance contrast
• Color
• Alphanumerical character dimensions
• Pixel matrixes character format
• Reflections and glare
• Characteristics of presentation

This international standard gives minimum specifications for the image quality of displays that contain dynamic (changeable) visual information for road vehicle drivers from an on-board Transport Information and Control System (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion, so that those displays are legible.

The specifications described in this standard are intended to be independent of display technologies. They address mainly the perceptual components and some basic cognitive components of the visual information (e.g., character legibility and color recognition). Other factors that affect performance and comfort (such as coding, format, and dialogue characteristics) are covered in other standards.

User-centered design and evaluation process for pictograms

• Methodology
• General parameters of experiments
• Other considerations

Various national, regional, and international standards organizations are responsible for the design, evaluation, and standardization of symbols, pictograms, and icons. To coordinate the work of these standards organizations, and to optimize the designs, it is desirable to follow a well-defined methodology. This recommendation describes a framework for a common methodology to be used by the ITU-T. To the extent that other standards organizations can work within this framework, the development of important designs should progress more rapidly. A uniform methodology will minimize duplication of effort and will maximize the relevance of collected data.

Standard practices for traffic control and devices

• General provisions
• Guide signs
• Markings
• Highway traffic signals
• Low volume rural roads
• Work zones
• Traffic controls for school areas
• Traffic controls for highway/rail grade crossings
• Traffic controls for bicycle facilities
• Traffic controls for highway/light rail transit grade crossings

Traffic control devices are defined as all signs, signals, markings, and other devices used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic and placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, pedestrian facility, or bikeway by authority of a public agency having jurisdiction.

The material described in this edition of the MUTCD provides the transportation professional with the information needed to make appropriate decisions regarding the use of traffic control devices on streets and highways. The material in this edition is organized to better differentiate between standards that must be satisfied for the particular circumstances of a situation, guidances that should be followed for the particular circumstances of a situation, and options that may be applicable for the particular circumstances of a situation.

Standard of transport vehicle control instrumentation

• Contours for functional categories
• System of symbols designed to replace or supplement the text of instruction plates and forms for transport vehicles

The object of this agreement is to standardize symbols to replace lettering on controls in transport vehicles for the NATO Armed Forces.

Specifications for location and visibility of passenger vehicle visual indicators

• Visual indicators
• Location of visual indicators
• Visibility of visual indicators
• Speedometers and odometers

The function of this national standard is to specify requirements for the provision and location of certain "visual indicators." It also specifies requirements for speedometers and odometers.

Development, evaluation, and adoption of symbol signs

• Determination of need for a symbol and establishment of design criteria
• Selection and testing of graphic symbols and symbolic signs
• Principles for the design of graphic symbols
• Principles for the design of signs incorporating symbols
• Siting and maintenance§ Establishment of need for a graphic symbol or symbolic sign
• Method of collection and appropriateness assessment of symbol and symbol sign variants for comprehension and related testing
• Comprehension and recall tests
• Photometric and colorimetric properties of sign materials
• Sources of potential test symbols

This standard specifies principles and procedures for determining the need, selection, testing, and design of graphic symbols for:

1. Equipment or parts of equipment to instruct or advise people handling the equipment as to its use and operation;
   
   
2. Locations where people may work, assemble, or move, to give them information or instructions, such as prohibitions, warnings, rules, limits, or directional guidance; or
   
   
3. Pictorial representations on maps, plans, drawings, illustrations, and similar documents.
   
   

It also specifies principles and procedures for the design and use of information and safety signs using these symbols.

Numerical index for standardized information signs

• Numerical Index

This standard lists the referents for standard public information symbol signs and gives the function and fields of application for each sign. It also defines terms used in this standard and on the single sheets in:

AS 2899.1 General Information Signs
AS 2899.2 Water Safety Signs
AS 2899.3 Hospital Signs
AS 2899.4 Signs for the Working Environment

Single sheets for general information signs

• General information signs

This standard includes black-and-white single sheets for general information signs.

Note: Many symbols are the same as those described in ISO 7001.

Design methodology for development of symbology

• Background
• Design Technology

This standard describes a recommended design approach that emphasizes the fundamental relationship between symbols, the information they encode, the context within which the symbols are displayed, and the tasks being supported. While this document is aimed at aircraft displays involving dynamic control or monitoring tasks, the methodology is applicable to a wide range of symbology development situations.

Specifications for the design of aircraft emergency placards

• Information presentation
• Written instructions
• Pictorial instructions
• Minimum-size pictures and words
• Color of placard and background
• Location
• Warnings

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides criteria for the development and standardization of placards containing easily understood signs, symbols, and/or instructions for locating and operating exits and emergency equipment that might be used or operated by cabin occupants and rescue personnel under emergency conditions. In addition, this ARP gives guidance in the selection and development of warning labels. The placards are intended to be seen and understood by occupants inside and, in the case of external exit placards, by persons outside the airplane.

Standardized symbols for vehicle instrumentation

• Designation and illustration of symbols

This standard specifies the symbols, that is, conventional signs, with which certain controls, indicators and tell-tales of a road vehicle are to be provided to ensure their identification and facilitate their utilization.

It also indicates the colors of possible optical tell-tales, which warn the driver of the operation or malfunctioning of the devices and equipment connected to the corresponding controls.

This standard is applicable to those controls that are fitted on the instrument panel, or in the immediate vicinity of the driver.

Guidelines for signage symbols

• Sign format
• Letter style and size
• Sign placement
• Expected life and insurance
• Pictorials
• Guidelines for creating pictorials

This SAE standard establishes signal words, color combinations, letter sizes, and durability requirements for permanently and temporarily affixed safety signs for off-road, self-propelled work machine categories of construction, general purpose industrial, forestry, agricultural tractors, and specialized mining machinery as defined in SAE J1116. This document is suitable for application to tools, machines, and machinery used in the specified categories.

Standardized symbols for off-road machinery

• Symbol
• General
• Color
• Development of new symbols
• Stanardized symbology
• Guidelines for development and evaluation of graphical symbols

SAE J1362 presents graphical symbols for use on operator controls and other displays on construction, general-purpose industrial, agricultural, forestry, and specialized mining categories of off-road self-propelled work machines, as defined in SAE J1116. Symbols for agricultural equipment other than the basic agricultural tractor (for example, combine harvesters, cotton harvesters, forage harvesters, balers, and sprayers) are covered by ASAE S304 and are therefore excluded from the scope of SAE J1362.

Provides introductory information that should be considered when setting photometric guidelines for instrument panel displays that are designed to accommodate the older driver.

• Luminance contrast
• Color usage
• Color Preference
• Brightness preference
• Gloss

Physical parameters that influence the legibility of an instrument panel display include: letter/graphic size; the luminance and color difference between graphics and background; the observer's luminance adaptation level; and the level of the glare present. Several aspects of visual functioning deteriorate as part of the normal aging process. These include: a reduction in luminance and color-contrast sensitivity; an increase in sensitivity to glare; a reduction in visual accommodation capacity; and a reduction in the sensitivity to light. This SAE information report provides introductory information that should be considered when setting photometric guidelines for instrument panel displays that are designed to accommodate the older driver.

Standard symbols for vehicle instrumentation.

• General
• Color
• Designation and illustration of symbols

This SAE standard establishes the symbols (i.e., conventional signs) for use of controls, indicators, and tell-tales of a road vehicle to ensure identification and facilitate use. It also indicates the colors of possible optical tell-tales that inform the driver of either correct operation or malfunctioning of the related devices.

Note: Same as ISO 2575