Figure 14. Good correlations between the LS-DYNA calculations and quasi-static performance envelopes determine the default quality factors for Grade 1 southern yellow pine of Q subscript T equals 0.47 with Q subscript C equals 0.63. Graphs A and B.

1. This first graph A shows force versus deflection in four distinct lines. The first line is solid black and is labeled LS-DYNA calculation. The second line is dotted blue and is labeled Grade 1 Test 418. Finally, the last two lines are solid blue and are labeled Performance Envelopes. The vertical axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 60 and represents Force (kilonewtons) while the horizontal axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 200 and represents Deflection (millimeters). All four lines begin at the points of zero on both the vertical and horizontal axes. The solid black line ascends to the points of 45 on the vertical axis and 50 on the horizontal axis. It begins a steep descent at 70 and drops straight down at 90 on the horizontal axis to 6 on the vertical axis. After a few small peaks, it levels off at 8 on the vertical axis and leaves the graph at around 6. The dotted blue line follows a very similar pattern, but leaves the graph at 10 on the vertical axes. The first solid blue lines ascends the highest of the lines to 55 on the vertical axis at 50 on the horizontal axis. Its descent is slightly erratic but dropping suddenly like the other lines at 90 on the horizontal axis, but begins a more gradual descent at 28 on the vertical axis, eventually leaving the chart at 12 on the vertical axis. The second solid blue has the same ascent pattern as the other lines, but rises only to 45. Its precipitous drop comes sooner than the other three lines at 50 on the horizontal axis. The line is erratic between 55 and 100 on the horizontal axis where after a slight rise, it drops again at 155 on the horizontal axis to about 2 on the vertical axis and leaves the graph.

2. This second graph B shows energy versus deflection in four distinct lines. The first line is solid black and is labeled LS-DYNA calculation. The second line is dotted blue and is labeled Grade 1 Test 418. Finally, the last two lines are solid blue and are labeled Performance Envelopes. The vertical axis of this graph ranges from 500 to 5,000 and represents Energy (kilonewton-millimeters) while the horizontal axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 200 and represents Deflection (millimeters). All four lines begin at the points of zero on both the vertical and horizontal axes. The solid black line slopes upwards and off the graph at the points of 4,600 on the vertical axis and 200 on the horizontal axis. The dotted blue line slopes upwards and off the graph to the points of 4,000 on the vertical axis and 200 on the horizontal axis. The first solid blue lines slopes upwards and off the graph at the points of 4,500 on the vertical axis and 200 on the horizontal axis, while the second solid blue line slopes upwards and off the graph at the points of 4,000 on the vertical axis and 200 on the horizontal axis.

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FHWA-HRT-05-096