Figure 25. The softening parameter B determines the shape of the softening curve in these single element simulations for tension parallel to the grain. Graph.

This graph shows four distinct lines. The first is a solid red line and is labeled B equals 1 while the second is a solid green line and is labeled B equals 10. The third line is solid yellow and is labeled B equals 30 and finally the fourth line is solid blue and is labeled B equals 100. The vertical axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 90 and represents Stress (megapascals) while the horizontal line of this graph ranges from 0.0 to 5.0 and represents Strain (percent). All four lines rise up from the zero points on the vertical and horizontal axes at a steep grade to the points of 86 on the vertical axis and 0.7 on the horizontal axis. From there the four lines separate as the red line curves downward while the other three lines slope downward at various degrees, creating a streamer effect. All four lines cross each other at the points of 30 on the vertical axis and 2.9 on the horizontal axis before sloping off the graph. The red line leaves the graph at the points of 10 on the vertical axis at 5.0 on the horizontal while the green line leaves the graph at the points of 2 on the vertical axis and 5.0 on the horizontal axis. The yellow line leaves the graph at the points of just below 1 on the vertical axis and 5.0 on the horizontal axis and the blue line eaves the graph at the points of zero on the vertical axis and 5.0 on the horizontal axis.

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FHWA-HRT-05-096