Figure 33. These correlations between the LS-DYNA calculations and performance envelopes were used to adjust the parallel fracture energy for grade 1 pine to 50 times the perpendicular fracture energy. Graphs.

The first graph shows four distinct lines. The first line is solid black and is labeled LS-DYNA Calculation G subscript F equals 50 while the second line is solid gray and is labeled LS-DYNA Calculation G subscript F equals 250. Finally, the third and fourth lines are solid pink and are labeled Performance Envelopes. The vertical axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 10,000 and represents Energy (kilonewton-millimeters) while the horizontal axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 200 and represents Deflection (millimeters). All lines begin at the points of zero on both the vertical and horizontal axes. The solid black line slopes up to the points of 3,600 on the vertical axis and 100 on the horizontal axis where it nearly plateaus for a bit before sloping upward further until lit leaves the graph at the points of 4,800 on the vertical axis and 200 on the horizontal axis. The solid gray line slopes upward steeply and continuously until it leaves the graph at the points of 8,000 on the vertical axis and 200 on the horizontal axis. There are two separate pink lines. The first slopes up continually to the points of 5,000 on the vertical axis and 160 on the horizontal axis where it ends. The second pink line slopes up to the points of 3,800 on the vertical axis and 160 on the horizontal axis where it too finds it end.

The second graph shows three distinct lines. The first is pink dashed and is labeled Grade 1 Southern Yellow Pine Test 65 while the second is solid black and is labeled LS-DYNA Calculation G subscript F equals 50. The third and final line is solid gray and is labeled LS-DYNA Calculation G subscript F equals 250. The vertical axis of this graph ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 and represents Velocity Reduction (meters per second) while the horizontal axis of this graph ranges from 0 to 60 and represents Time (milliseconds). All three lines begin at the points of zero on both the vertical and horizontal axis. The pink dashed line moves across the graph in waves. It slopes up to its first peak at the points of 0.45 on the vertical axis and 13 on the horizontal axis where it then drops back down to the points of 0.3 on the vertical axis and 24 on the horizontal axis. From there it moves back up to the points of 0.45 on the vertical axis and 34 on the horizontal axis where it moves in the slightest wave across the rest of the graph, leaving it at the points of 0.43 on the vertical axis and 60 on the horizontal axis. The solid black line gradually slopes up in sporadic spurts to the points of 0.54 on the vertical axis and 25 on the horizontal axis where it ends. The solid gray line slopes up steeply until it leaves the top of the graph at the points of 1.0 on the vertical axis and 25 on the horizontal axis.

Return to Report

FHWA-HRT-05-096