Figure 47. Deformed configurations and fringes of damage calculated with fully integrated elements (eight points) are similar to those calculated with under-integrated elements (one point). Diagrams A and B.

1. With eight-point integration. This diagram shows a rectangular column. The column is void of color to accentuate the areas of damage. The column is sheeted on either side by what would be neoprene, approximately fifteen rows up from the bottom of the structure. The top half of the structure is tilted to the right, a five squares of a row missing where the neoprene line ends. A column of ten squares, three columns in is colored a dark red, the eleventh square colored a dark blue. These columns exist below the gap formed by the tilt of the upper half. In the row of squares above the gap, two of the eight squares are colored a dark blue.

2. With one-point integration. This diagram shows a rectangular column. The column is void of color to accentuate the areas of damage. The column is sheeted on either side by what would be neoprene, approximately fifteen rows up from the bottom of the structure. The top half of the structure is tilted to the right, a five squares of a row missing where the neoprene line ends. A column of eight squares, three columns in is colored a dark red, the ninth square colored a pale green. The column next to the latter has its first square colored a dark red and the next colored a pale green. These columns exist below the gap formed by the tilt of the upper half. In the row of squares above the gap, four of the eight squares are colored a dark red, where the next row up has three of the eight colored a dark blue.

Return to Report

FHWA-HRT-05-096