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This figure shows four sets of images, each set containing four separate images. The first set of images is labeled 30 percent default. The second set is labeled 20 percent. The third set is labeled 10 percent. And finally, the fourth set is labeled 1 percent.
The first image in this set is labeled 29 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column. The top quarter of the column and the lower quarter are colored red while the distance between is colored green. The column itself is made up of many small squares.
The second image in this set is labeled 58 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. The mid-point of the column shows three solid rows of squared missing and the top half of the column appears to be leaning to the left slightly.
The third image in this set is labeled 116 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. The mid-point of the column shows three solid rows of squared missing, however, the top half of the column does not appear to be leaning as it did prior.
The fourth image in this set is labeled 189 millimeters. Three solid rows of squares are still missing from the mid-point along with a group of squares through the middle of the gap. The column appears to be leaning more significantly to the left.
The first image in this set is labeled 29 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column. The top quarter of the column and the lower quarter are colored red while the distance between is colored green. The column itself is made up of many small squares.
The second image in this set is labeled 58 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. The mid-point of the column shows three solid rows of squared missing and the top half of the column appears to be leaning to the left slightly.
The third image in this set is labeled 116 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. Four rows of squares now appear to be missing with a few squares located near the back of the gap looking jagged and rough. The top half of the column appears to be leaning further to the left.
The fourth image in this set is labeled 189 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. Six rows of squares are now shown missing and the top half of the column leans considerably to the left, forcing the gap to open wide.
The first image in this set is labeled 29 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column. The top quarter of the column and the lower quarter are colored red while the distance between is colored green. The column itself is made up of many small squares. Four rows are shown missing from the mid-point of the column, however the top half does not appear to be leaning at all.
The second image in this set is labeled 59 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. The mid-point of the column now shows five solid rows of squared missing and the top half of the column appears to be leaning to the left slightly.
The third image in this set is labeled 116 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. The mid-point of the column now leans more to the left, with only two rows of squares left at the mid-point, hinging the upper and lower halves together.
The fourth image in this set is labeled 190 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column as mentioned prior. The mid-point of the column now leans considerably to the left, the gap widened, with only two rows of squares left at the mid-point, hinging the upper and lower halves together.
The first image in this set is labeled 29 millimeters. The image shows a computer generated three-dimensional column. The top quarter of the column and the lower quarter are colored red while the distance between is colored green. The column itself is made up of many small squares. All but one row of squares is shown missing from the mid-point of the column, with the top half of the column leaning back ever so slightly. The break appears clean.
The second image in this set is labeled 59 millimeters. The image shows the computer generated three-dimensional column. The top half of the column leans further to the left in this image, a single row of squares remaining, holding the upper and lower half of the column together.
The third image in this set is labeled 117 millimeters. The image shows the computer generated three-dimensional column. The top half of the column leans further to the left in this image, a single row of squares remaining, holding the upper and lower half of the column together.
The fourth image in this set is labeled 190 millimeters. The image shows the computer generated three-dimensional column. A single row of squares appears to be hinging the upper and lower halves of the column together, though the gap appears to have lessened in this image.
FHWA-HRT-05-096
