TechBriefs
A Review of the Impacts of the Towaway Reporting Threshold on a Highway Safety Program
FHWA-RD-01-114
This summary report reviews the potential impacts of a towaway reporting threshold on the North Carolina Highway Safety Improvement Program listings, and on the locations and types of crash patterns identified on collision diagrams by field engineers.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/01-114.pdf
Advanced Traveler Information System Capabilities: Human
Factors Research Needs
FHWA-RD-98-186
This document summarizes the identified human factors research needs for advanced traveler information systems.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-186.pdf
Basic Collision Warning and Driver Information Systems: Human Factors Research Needs
FHWA-RD-98-184
This document summarizes the identified human factors research
needs for basic safety and information systems, one of five configurations of
in-vehicle safety and driver information systems.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-184.pdf
Evaluation of Design Consistency Methods for Two-Lane Rural Highways, Technical Summary
FHWA-RD-99-174
This document pertains to new data on the design consistency
module, one of seven modules being developed as part of the Interactive Highway
Safety Design Model.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/ihsdm/pdfs/99-174.pdf
GIS-Based Crash Referencing and Analysis System
FHWA-RD-99-081
This document presents information about geographic
information systems (GIS), a collection of hardware and software used to edit,
analyze, and display geographical information stored in a spatial database.
Computerized crash analysis systems in which crash data, roadway inventory data, and
traffic operations data can be merged are used in many States to identify problem locations and assess the effectiveness of implemented countermeasures.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99-081.pdf
GIS Tools for Improving Pedestrian and Bike Safety
FHWA-RD-00-153
This document presents information about geographic
information system (GIS) software that turns statistical data such as crashes and geographic data such as roads and crash
locations into meaningful information for spatial analysis and mapping. In this project, GIS-based analytical techniques
were applied to a series of pedestrian and bicycle safety issues, including
safe routes for walking to school, selection of streets for bicycle routes, and
high crash zones for pedestrians.
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/tools/docs/gis.pdf
Highway Fog Warning System
FHWA-RD-99-110
This document analyzes a study conducted to develop a
low-cost, reliable fog sensor. The need for a highway fog warning system has
long been internationally recognized. With such a system, motorists could avoid
often-fatal pile-up crashes caused by dense or patchy fog.
www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov//JPODOCS/PERIODIC//76M01!.PDF
Human Factors Design Research Needs for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) Program
FHWA-RD-98-147
This document summarizes the activities and results of a
preliminary human factors review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI)
program. The objective of the project was to help the U.S. Department of
Transportation identify human factors work that needs to be done early in the
life cycle of the IVI program to ensure safe and well-engineered vehicles.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-147.pdf
Integrated Capabilities In Heavy Vehicles: Human Factors Research Needs
FHWA-RD-98-187
This document summarizes the identified human factors
research needs for integrated in-vehicle systems for commercial vehicle
operations.
www.tfhrc.gov/humanfac/98-187.pdf
Integrated ITS Capabilities In Transit Vehicles: Human Factors Research Needs
FHWA-RD-98-188
This document summarizes the identified human factors
research needs for integrated intelligent transportation systems capabilities
in transit vehicles.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-188.pdf
Intersection Collision Warning System
FHWA-RD-99-103
This document describes a project on an intersection
collision warning system. It was designed to enhance driver awareness of
traffic situations at intersections by providing timely and easily understood
warnings of vehicles entering the intersection.
Library and
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/99103.pdf
Roundabouts: An Informational Guide
FHWA-RD-00-068
This document presents information on roundabout intersections
based on established international and U.S. practices and supplemented by recent research. The guide is
comprehensive in recognition of the diverse needs of transportation professionals and the public for introductory material
through design detail, as well as the wide range of potential applications of roundabout intersections.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00068.pdf
Rural ITS
FHWA-RD-99-102
This document presents information about rural intelligent
transportation systems (ITS) that focuses on travelers' and operators' needs in non-urban areas of the United States.
Rural ITS infrastructure aims to improve the quality of life for rural residents and travelers by facilitating safer, more
secure, and more efficient movement of people and goods.
www.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/99102/
Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn
Lanes
FHWA-RD-02-103
This document summarizes the findings of a report called
Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes
(FHWA-RD-02-089). The report presents the results of research on the safety
effectiveness of providing left- and right-turn lanes for at-grade
intersections.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/02089/02089techbrief.htm
Safety Effects of the Conversion of Rural Two-Lane Roadways
to Four-Lane Roadways
FHWA-RD-99-206
This summary report analyzes the issue of conversion of
rural roadways from two lanes to four lanes, which is of increasing importance
to State and local transportation agencies, the Federal Highway Administration,
and the public. Interest also is increasing in better defining the safety
effects of such conversions, since conversions often become highly politicized.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/99-206.pdf
The Bicycle Compatibility Index: A Level of Service Concept
FHWA-RD-99-127
This document describes the Bicycle Compatibility Index, a
model for evaluating roadways to determine geometric and operational requirements to allow efficient operation of
both bicycles and motor vehicles. It was developed under the Federal Highway
Administration's Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Research Program, which focuses
on identifying problem areas for pedestrians and bicycles, developing analysis
tools that allow planners to target problem areas, and evaluating countermeasures
to reduce crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists.
Library and
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/tools/docs/techbrief0799.pdf
The Effects of Airbags on Severity Indices for Roadside
Objects
FHWA-RD-98-056
This summary report analyzes collisions with roadside
objects and measures the average severity of their impacts, which will aid in
determining where best to spend roadside improvement funds. Airbags have been
shown to reduce the severity of driver injury in roadside crashes, and this
report uses a large sample of airbag-equipped vehicles and a multi-State
database for analyzing and validating the effectiveness of airbags.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/98-056.pdf
Using GIS in the Analysis of Truck Crashes
FHWA-RD-99-119
This summary report presents computerized crash analysis
systems in which crash data, roadway inventory data, and traffic
operations data are merged and used in many States and
municipalities to identify problem locations and assess the
effectiveness of implemented countermeasures. Integrating
this traditional system with a geographic information system offering spatial
referencing capabilities and graphical displays can result in a more effective
crash analysis program.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99-119.pdf
Technical Reports
1994 Ford Explorer XLT Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed Object: FOIL Test Number 98S005
FHWA-RD-98-150
This report contains the test procedures, setup, and results
from the first of three broadside crash tests conducted at the Federal Highway
Administration's Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory. The three vehicles used for
these tests were a 1994 Ford Explorer XLT (covered in this report), a 1994
Toyota pickup truck, and a 1995 Honda Accord LX.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-130296
1994 Toyota Pickup Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed Object: FOIL Test Number 98S006
FHWA-RD-98-151
This report contains the test procedures, setup, and results
from the second of three broadside crash tests conducted at the Federal Highway
Administration's Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory. The three vehicles used for
these tests were a 1994 Ford Explorer XLT, a 1994 Toyota pickup truck (covered
in this report), and a 1995 Honda Accord LX.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-130304
1995 Honda Accord LX Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed
Object: FOIL Test Number 98S007
FHWA-RD-99-024
This report describes the test procedures, setup, and
results from the last of three broadside crash tests conducted at the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Federal Outdoor
Impact Laboratory. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration enlisted
FHWA to aid in developing laboratory test procedures to be used in an amended
version of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 201.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-130312
A Comparative Analysis of Bicycle Lanes Versus Wide Curb Lanes: Final Report
FHWA-RD-99-034
This report provides a description of the research
methodology, data collection procedures, and analysis used in a study to
compare the safety and operations of bicycle lanes and wide curb lanes.
www.ntis.gov, PB2000-101611 and
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/99034.pdf
A Safety Evaluation of UVA Vehicle Headlights
FHWA-RD-99-074
This report investigates the safety of using
ultraviolet-activated (UVA) fluorescent technology in vehicle headlights. The
major project activities involved determining changes in driver performance and
visibility of roadway delineation and pedestrians, and assessing the effects on
safety. In addition, a cost/benefit analysis was conducted that compared the
expense of installing and maintaining fluorescent materials to any savings
achieved from the reduction in highway crashes.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/99074/introset.htm
A Safety Evaluation of UVA Vehicle Headlights
FHWA-RD-99-079
This report discusses research designed to investigate the
safety and cost/benefits possible from the use of ultraviolet-activated (UVA)
fluorescent technology for vehicle headlights. The major project activities
involved determining changes in driver performance and visibility of roadway delineation and pedestrians,
and assessing the effects on safety.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/99074/preface.htm
Accident Models for Two-Lane Rural Roads: Segments and
Intersections
FHWA-RD-98-133
This report describes the collection, analysis, and modeling
of crash and roadway data pertaining to segments and intersections on rural roads in Minnesota (1985-1989) and Washington State (1993-1995). The segments are on two-lane roads, and the
intersections are three- and four-legged intersections that are stop-controlled
on the minor legs. Data were acquired from the Highway Safety Information
System, photologs, construction plans, and State databases. More than 1,300 segments and 700 intersections are included in the
final samples on which the modeling is based.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-142713 and
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/98133/index.html
Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle
Operations Components of the Intelligent Transportation Systems: On-Road
Evaluation of ATIS Messages
FHWA-RD-99-132
This report describes the results of an on-road study that
examined how advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) information influences driver behavior. The objective of the
study was to develop ATIS design guidelines, primarily for in-vehicle signing and information systems and in-vehicle
safety advisory and warning systems, to define the amount and format of information that can safely be displayed in an
ATIS.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99132/99132.html
Alternative Design Consistency Rating Methods for Two-Lane Rural Highways, Final Report
FHWA-RD-99-172
This report investigates alternatives that could be used in the design consistency module of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model.
www.ntis.gov, PB2001-102932
An Evaluation of High-Visibility Crosswalk Treatment-Clearwater, Florida
FHWA-RD-00-105
This report examines the effect of a novel overhead illuminated crosswalk sign and high-visibility ladder-style crosswalk in
Florida. This was part of a larger Federal Highway Administration research
study investigating the effectiveness of innovative engineering treatments on pedestrian safety.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/0105.pdf
An Evaluation of Illuminated Pedestrian Push Buttons in Windsor, Ontario
FHWA-RD-00-102
This report evaluates the effects of illuminated push
buttons on pedestrian behavior. This was part of a larger Federal Highway
Administration research study investigating the effectiveness of innovative
engineering treatments on
pedestrian safety.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/0102.pdf
Applying Vehicle Dynamics Analysis and Visualization to Roadway and Roadside Studies
FHWA-RD-98-030
This report describes the application of vehicle dynamic
modeling and visualization to highway safety design within the Interactive
Highway Safety Design Model. This concept is intended to allow highway
engineers to test roadway designs by computer simulation of vehicle encounters
with roadway geometry and to assess roadway alignment and visibility features
using three-dimensional graphical visualization.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-162786
Bicycle Lanes Versus Wide Curb Lanes: Operational and Safety
Findings and Countermeasure Recommendations
FHWA-RD-99-035
This report describes results of an investigation of the
long-standing issue of whether bicycle lanes or wide curb lanes are preferable.
The study indicated that both bicycle lanes and wide curb lanes can and should
be used to improve riding conditions for bicyclists.
www.ntis.gov, PB2000-101612 and
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/99035.pdf
Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities: Recommended Procedures for the
"Bicycles" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual
FHWA-RD-98-108
This report contains new and revised procedures for
analyzing various types of exclusive and mixed-use bicycle facilities. These
procedures, based on research on domestic and international bicycle operations
conducted to date, are recommended to determine the level of service for
bicycle facilities. This document addresses procedures for streets, roads, and intersections with designated bicycle facilities.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-108/cover.htm
Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities: Recommended Procedures for the "Pedestrians" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual
FHWA-RD-98-107
This report contains new and revised procedures for
analyzing various types of exclusive and mixed-use pedestrian facilities. These
procedures are recommended to determine the level of service for pedestrian
facilities on the basis of a summary of available U.S. and international
literature, as described in the Federal Highway Administration document,
Literature Synthesis for Chapter 13, "Pedestrians," of the Highway Capacity
Manual, by the same authors.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-107/title.htm
Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities:
Recommended Procedures for the "Signalized Intersections" Chapter of the Highway Capacity
Manual
FHWA-RD-98-106
This report describes the effects of pedestrians and
bicyclists on the capacity of signalized intersections. It incorporates the results of a multiregional data-collection effort that
confirms the validity of a conflict zone occupancy approach to analyze pedestrian and bicycle effects on signalized
intersection capacity. These procedures augment the existing signalized
intersection level of service procedures in the Highway Capacity Manual for
locations with substantial pedestrian and/or bicycle traffic conflicting with
vehicular turning movements.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-106/title.htm
Characteristics and Needs for Overhead Guide Sign Illumination From Vehicular Headlamps
FHWA-RD-98-135
This report covers a literature review to determine the
minimum luminance value needed and an overview of the equipment developed for
field studies of vehicle headlamp illuminance. It also includes the results of
a small laboratory study to determine minimum luminance of highway guide signs,
field studies to determine illuminance values from a sample of the fleet of
vehicles on highways, and a study of illuminance values obtained from the
headlamps of 50 known vehicles of varying ages and types.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-175549
Commercial Vehicle Driver Survey: Assessment of Parking Needs and Preferences
FHWA-RD-01-160
This report measures truck driver parking needs and
preferences. Through a nationwide survey of truck drivers, the study sought to
determine how truck drivers plan for and address their parking needs, how they
select when and at which facilities to park, and what they think of the
adequacy of current parking facilities.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/01160/
Crash Models for Rural Intersections: Four-Lane by Two-Lane Stop-Controlled and Two-Lane by Two-Lane Signalized
FHWA-RD-99-128
This report describes the collection, analysis, and modeling
of crash and roadway data for intersections on rural roads in California and
Michigan from 1993 to 1995. Three classes of intersections are considered: (1)
three-legged intersections with major road four-lane and minor leg two-lane
stop controls, (2) four-legged intersections with major road four-lane and
minor legs two-lane stop controls, and (3) signalized intersections with
two-lane major and minor roads. Data were acquired from the Highway Safety
Information System, State and Federal photologs, and field work at all
intersections.
Library and www.ntis.gov, PB2000-102367
Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations: An Examination of Driver Performance Under Reduced Visibility Conditions When Using an In-Vehicle Signing and Information System
FHWA-RD-99-130
This report presents a study to determine the benefits realized by drivers using an in-vehicle signing and information system. Three
measures of driver performance were collected, along with subjective preference
data. The results indicated that the use of the in-vehicle signing and
information system display led to more appropriate speeds and greater reaction
distances for all drivers.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99130/99130.html
Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Driver Response To Unexpected Situations When Using an In-Vehicle Information System
FHWA-RD-99-131
This report presents a study that investigated advanced
traveler information systems (ATIS) and commercial vehicle operations
applications, and their effect on driver behavior and performance. A field
experiment was conducted to investigate the benefits and drawbacks of using an in-vehicle
information system when the driver is confronted with unexpected situations.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99131/99131.html
Development of Prototype Driver Models for Highway Design
FHWA-RD-99-069
This report addresses the development of the Interactive
Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). The goal of the IHSDM research program is
to develop a systematic approach that will allow highway designers to
explicitly consider the safety implications of design decisions from the
planning stage through the final design stage.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99-069.pdf
Dynamic Evaluation of the New FOIL Instrumented Rigid Pole:
FOIL Test Numbers 96F008 Through 96F015
FHWA-RD-99-026
This report contains the test procedures, setup, and results
from seven frontal full-scale vehicle crash tests conducted at the Federal
Highway Administration's Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory. This series of
seven crash tests served multiple purposes. Its main objective was to make the
new larger-capacity rigid pole operational.
Library and www.ntis.gov, PB99-130270
Effects of a Towaway Reporting Threshold on Crash Analysis Results (Summary Report)
FHWA-RD-98-114
This report analyzes procedures such as problem identification, countermeasures identification, and countermeasures evaluation commonly conducted by users of crash data when establishing policy, developing programs, and creating new roadway designs to enhance highway safety.
PDC Phone: 301-577-0818, Fax: 301-577-1421,
report.center@fhwa.dot.gov
Estimating Roadside Encroachment Rates with the Combined
Strengths of Accident- and Encroachment-Based Approaches, Final Report
FHWA-RD-01-124
This report assesses the consistency of estimating vehicle
roadside encroachment rates using accident-based prediction models. The
research used two data sets developed from the Federal Highway Administration's
Highway Safety Information System. These data are more recent than those
reported in previous assessments. By synthesizing the models developed from
this and previous studies, a roadside encroachment rate estimation model was
recommended. The model allows encroachment rates to be estimated by average
annual daily traffic volume, lane width, horizontal curvature, and vertical
grade for undivided, two-lane rural roads.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/01124.pdf
Evaluation of Automated Pedestrian Detection at Signalized
Intersections
FHWA-RD-00-097
This report evaluates the safety effects of microwave and
infrared detectors used in conjunction with standard pedestrian push buttons.
This study was part of a larger Federal Highway Administration research study
investigating the effectiveness of innovative engineering treatments on
pedestrian safety.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/00-097.pdf
Evaluation of Design Consistency Methods for Two-Lane Rural
Highways, Executive Summary
FHWA-RD-99-173
This report provides a speed-profile model that can be
incorporated into the design consistency module of the Interactive Highway
Safety Design Model. The model can be used to evaluate the design consistency
of the roadway or develop a speed profile for an alignment.
www.ntis.gov, PB2001-102933
Evaluation of the Blue Bike-Lane Treatment Used in
Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Conflict Areas in Portland, Oregon
FHWA-RD-00-150
This report documents a 1997-1999 study by the city of
Portland, OR, on the use of colored markings and a novel signing system to delineate selected conflict areas. The University
of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center analyzed the project data and
found that most behavior changes were positive.
www.walkinginfo.org/pdf/r&d/bluelane.PDF
Expert Systems for Crash Data Collection: Final Report
FHWA-RD-99-052
This report discusses the demand for better-quality crash
data to meet a wide variety of needs. The goal of the Federal Highway
Administration's Expert Systems for Crash Data Collection Program was to use
expert systems technology to improve the accuracy and consistency of
police-reported data. The program included the development and evaluation of
three expert systems: (1) seat belt use derivation; (2) vehicle damage rating,
including extent of deformation; and (3) roadside barrier problem identification.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99-052.pdf
Full-Coverage Collision Warning: Human Factors Research
Needs
FHWA-RD-98-185
This report summarizes the identified human factors research
needs for a full 360-degree collision warning coverage, one of five
configurations of in-vehicle safety and driver information systems.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98-185.pdf
Full-Scale Crash Evaluation of a Modified Eccentric Loader
Terminal, Final Report
FHWA-RD-99-031
This report presents the results of four of five National
Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 350-type crash tests conducted on a
modified eccentric loader terminal system for W-beam guardrails. All vehicles
used in this test were 1990 and 1991 year models.
www.ntis.gov, PB2000-100277
Guidebook on Methods to Estimate Non-Motorized Travel: Supporting Documentation
FHWA-RD-98-166
This two-volume report provides a means for practitioners to
better understand and estimate bicycle and pedestrian travel and to address
transportation planning needs. The guidebook describes and compares the various
methods that can be used to forecast the demand of non-motorized travel and supports
the prioritization analyses of non-motorized projects. This volume provides supporting documentation.
Library and www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/vol2/title.htm
Highway Safety Information Systems Guidebook for the Minnesota State Data Files: Volume I
FHWA-RD-01-058
This guidebook contains Minnesota State data files for the
Highway Safety Information System, a multistate database that contains crash,
roadway inventory, and traffic volume data. The purpose of the guidebook is to
provide sufficient information for both the analyst and the programmer to use
the system effectively. This is Volume I of the guidebook, containing a basic
description of the State data system, an alphabetized listing of all available
variables, and definitions of each category within each variable.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/01-058.pdf
Highway Safety Information Systems Guidebook for the Minnesota State Data Files: Volume II
FHWA-RD-01-059
This guidebook contains Minnesota State data files for the
Highway Safety Information System, a multistate database that contains crash,
roadway inventory, and traffic volume data. The purpose of the guidebook is to
provide sufficient information for both the analyst and the programmer to use
the system effectively. This is Volume II of the guidebook, containing single-variable tabulations for a large number of key
variables in each file. The tables include data covering 5 years.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/01-059.pdf
Highway Safety Information Systems Guidebook for the Utah State Data Files: Volume I
FHWA-RD-01-056
This guidebook contains Utah State data files for the
Highway Safety Information System, a multistate database that contains crash,
roadway inventory, and traffic volume data. The purpose of the guidebook is to
provide sufficient information for both the analyst and the programmer to use
the system effectively. This is Volume I of the guidebook, containing a basic
description of the State data system, an alphabetized listing of all available
variables, and definitions of each category within each variable.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/01-056.pdf
Highway Safety Information Systems Guidebook for the Utah State Data Files: Volume II
FHWA-RD-01-057
This guidebook contains Utah State data files for the
Highway Safety Information System, a multistate database that contains crash,
roadway inventory, and traffic volume data. The purpose of the guidebook is to
provide sufficient information for both the analyst and the programmer to use
the system effectively. This is Volume II of the guidebook, containing
single-variable tabulations for a large number of key variables in each file.
The tables include data covering 5 years.
www.hsisinfo.org/pdf/01-057.pdf
Honda Accord LX Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed
Object: FOIL Test Number 97S003
FHWA-RD-98-008
This report documents the test procedures, setup, and
results from the first of five broadside crash tests between a 1995 Honda
Accord LX four-door sedan and the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory 300K
instrumented rigid pole.
www.ntis.gov, PB98-131204
Honda Accord LX Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed
Object: FOIL Test Number 97S004
FHWA-RD-98-009
This report documents the test procedures, setup, and
results from the second of five broadside crash tests between a 1995 Honda
Accord LX four-door sedan and the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory 300K
instrumented rigid pole.
www.ntis.gov, PB98-131733
Honda Accord LX Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed
Object: FOIL Test Number 97S005
FHWA-RD-98-010
This report documents the test procedures, setup, and
results from the third of five broadside crash tests between a 1995 Honda
Accord LX four-door sedan and the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory 300K
instrumented rigid pole.
www.ntis.gov, PB98-131675
Honda Accord LX Broadside Collision With a Narrow Fixed
Object: FOIL Test Number 97S006
FHWA-RD-98-011
This report documents the test procedures, setup, and
results from the fourth of five broadside crash tests between a 1995 Honda
Accord LX four-door sedan and the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory 300K instrumented
rigid pole.
www.ntis.gov, PB98-131709
IHSDM Intersection Diagnostic Review Model Knowledge Base
Report
FHWA-RD-02-045
This report documents the results of a study on the
development of an expert system for the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model
(IHSDM). The objective was to develop software to perform a diagnostic review
of intersections on rural two-lane highways, referred to as the Intersection
Diagnostic Review Model (IDRM). The report focuses on documenting the knowledge
base developed for the IDRM software. It also documents the knowledge
structure, problem definitions, models, decision algorithms, formulas, and
parameter values implemented in the software.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/ihsdm/pubs/02045/index.htm
Implementation of GIS-Based Highway Safety Analyses:
Bridging the Gap
FHWA-RD-01-039
This report's goal is to discuss geographic information
systems (GIS) and safety integration in terms that can be understood by both
safety engineers and GIS specialists, and to describe issues and solutions
involved in the integration of GIS into safety-related analysis efforts. The
report is intended to serve as an educational document for both safety
engineers and GIS professionals and to initiate a common dialogue. It is
designed to bridge the gap between the desire to implement GIS highway safety analysis in an organization and the
development of a geographic information systems for transportation (GIS-T) infrastructure to support that effort.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/1039.pdf
Influence of a Trailer's Axle Arrangement and Loads on the Stability and Control of a Tractor/Semitrailer
FHWA-RD-97-123
This report reveals the safety-related dynamic performance
effects of varying a trailer's axle arrangement (tandem versus tridem),
suspension type (steel versus air), tire type (dual versus wide-base single),
and axle loading level. Typical five- and six-axle tractor/semitrailers
(483-centimeter (188-inch) tractor and 14.6-meter (48-foot) van-semitrailer)
were used in this study. Vehicle safety-related dynamic performance was
examined, using a recent version of the constant-speed yaw/roll model developed
by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-107385
Injuries to Pedestrians and Bicyclists: An Analysis Based on
Hospital Emergency Department Data
FHWA-RD-99-078
This report presents a descriptive analysis of data
collected over a year at eight hospital emergency departments in California,
New York, and North Carolina. Information was gathered on 2,509 persons treated
for injuries incurred while bicycling or walking. The emergency department data
were examined in conjunction with statewide hospital discharge and motor
vehicle crash data in an attempt to better define the overall scope and
magnitude of the pedestrian and bicyclist injury problem.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/research/99078/99-078.htm
In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements:
Literature Review
FHWA-RD-98-164
This report on a study of in-vehicle icons describes the
objectives, methods, and findings associated with performing a literature review. The purpose was to conduct a review of
relevant symbols and research, including the use of symbols by manufacturers
and after-market vendors for existing and planned in-vehicle systems.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/98164/98164.html
In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other Information Elements: Preliminary Assessment of Visual Symbols
FHWA-RD-99-196
This report on in-vehicle display icons describes the
methods and results associated with the study's preliminary assessment of
visual symbols. The purpose of the assessment is twofold: (1) identify credible
procedures, heuristics, and principles for the joint use of visual, auditory,
and tactile information to present in-vehicle messages; and (2) define message
characteristics that should guide symbol design.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/99196/99196.html
Model Development for National Assessment of Commercial Vehicle Parking
FHWA-RD-01-159
This report summarizes activities and research undertaken as
part of a study mandated by the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. The report also describes the development, calibration, and application of the model used to estimate truck
parking demand. This model estimates parking demand for a highway segment
rather than a single parking facility and incorporates a variety of factors
known to affect the demand for truck parking. The report presents a
step-by-step method for selecting analysis segments, data requirements,
parameter values, and a sample model application.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/01159/
Modeling Intersection Crash Counts and Traffic Volume
FHWA-RD-98-096
This report explores the feasibility of using available
exposure measures to model crash counts at intersections. The basic purpose of
exposure is to serve as a size factor to allow comparison of crash counts among
populations of different sizes. In the context of highway crash studies, vehicle-miles of
travel appears to be a natural exposure measure at first glance. It is closely related to traffic density, however, raising
doubts about whether it can serve the intended purpose of an exposure measure.
PDC Phone: 301-577-0818, Fax: 301-577-1421,
report.center@fhwa.dot.gov
National Model: Statewide Application of Data Collection and
Management Technology to Improve Highway Safety
FHWA-RD-99-140
This report presents findings on how two Iowa State agencies
collaborate to improve highway safety. Iowa is a model for the Nation on how
agencies can work together to define new business processes and streamline the
flow of safety information. The Iowa agencies use an integrated approach to
safety management. The Iowa Department of Transportation leads efforts
involving computer hardware and software technology and the Iowa Department of
Public Safety leads the communications component, which uses the State's
fiber-optic network. Fiber optics make it possible to move high volumes of data
and images.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/national/index.htm
Pedestrian Crosswalk Case Studies: Richmond, Virginia; Buffalo, New York; Stillwater, Minnesota
FHWA-RD-00-103
This report focuses on the effect of crosswalk markings on
both pedestrian and driver behavior at unsignalized intersections. Crosswalks
are among the treatments used to help pedestrians cross streets safely. This
was part of a larger Federal Highway Administration research study
investigating the safety effectiveness of crosswalks for pedestrians.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/0103.pdf
Pedestrian Safety in Australia
FHWA-RD-99-093
This report is one in a series of pedestrian safety
synthesis reports prepared for the Federal Highway Administration to document pedestrian safety in other countries. This report
describes Australia's use of traffic-calming techniques, innovative traffic
signals, Puffin and Pelican crossings, and a "safe routes to school" program.
www.ntis.gov, PB2002-104282
Pedestrian Safety in Sweden
FHWA-RD-99-091
This report is one in a series of pedestrian safety
synthesis reports prepared for the Federal Highway Administration to document pedestrian safety in other countries. This report
reviews pedestrian safety research in Sweden and concludes that a need exists
either to guarantee complete separation between pedestrians and vehicular
traffic, or to create good conditions for proper interaction between
pedestrians and drivers, such as restricting vehicle speeds to 30 kilometers
per hour.
www.ntis.gov and
www.hsrc.unc.edu/pdf/pedbike/99091.PDF
Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways
FHWA-RD-99-207
This report presents an algorithm for predicting the safety
performance of a rural two-lane highway. The crash prediction algorithm
consists of base models and crash modification factors for both roadway
segments and at-grade intersections on rural two-lane highways.
www.ntis.gov, PB2001-102166 and abstract online:
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/99207/index.htm
Rest Area Forum: Summary of Proceedings
FHWA-RD-00-034
This report presents a summary of the Rest Area Forum held
in Atlanta, GA, in June 1999. More than 70 representatives from Federal and
State departments of transportation, the motor carrier industry, the private
truck stop industry, commercial drivers, and safety advocates attended the
forum. The purpose of the meeting was to identify issues and find solutions to
provide adequate, safe parking for commercial drivers and their vehicles.
Library and www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00034.pdf
Roundabouts: An Informational Guide
FHWA-RD-00-067
This report presents information on roundabout intersections
based on established international and U.S. practices and supplemented by recent research. The guide is comprehensive
in recognition of the diverse needs of transportation professionals and the public for introductory material
through design detail, as well as the wide range of potential applications of roundabout intersections.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00068.htm
Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn
Lanes
FHWA-RD-02-089
This report presents the results of research that performed
a before-and-after evaluation of the safety effects of providing left- and
right-turn lanes for at-grade intersections. Geometric design, traffic control,
traffic volume, and traffic crash data were gathered for a total of 280
improved intersections, as well as 300 similar intersections that were not
improved during the study period. The types of improvement projects evaluated
included installation of added left-turn lanes, added right-turn lanes, and
extension of the length of existing left- or right-turn lanes.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/02089/
Safety Performance Testing of a Modified Oregon Multidirectional Slip-Base Sign Support: FOIL Test Numbers 98F002 and 98F004
FHWA-RD-98-111
This report contains the test procedures, setup, and results
from two crash tests performed at the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA)
Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL). The objective of these tests was to
evaluate the safety performance of a small sign support system provided by the
Oregon Department of Transportation (DOT) and to provide FHWA finite element
model simulation engineers with data on the performance of a slip-base sign
support. This report also documents the results from two crash tests using the
FOIL bogie vehicle and Oregon DOT's 3X3 TBB sign support.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-129959
Speed Prediction for Two-Lane Rural Highways, Final Report
FHWA-RD-99-171
This report provides a speed profile model that can be
incorporated into the design consistency module of the Interactive Highway
Safety Design Model. The model can be used to evaluate the design consistency
of the roadway or to develop a speed profile for an alignment. The model
considers both horizontal and vertical curvature and the acceleration or deceleration behavior as a vehicle moves from one feature to
another.
www.ntis.gov, PB2001-103175
Statistical Models of At-Grade Intersection Accidents-Addendum
FHWA-RD-99-094
This report is an addendum to FHWA-RD-96-125, titled
Statistical Models of At-Grade Intersection Accidents. The objective of both
reports is to develop crash prediction models relating total intersection
accidents to highway design elements.
www.ntis.gov, PB2000-106046 and www.tfhrc.gov/safety/99-094.pdf
Study of Adequacy of Commercial Truck Parking Facilities
FHWA-RD-01-158
This report documents the findings of a study to investigate
the adequacy of commercial truck parking facilities throughout the Nation. This
report describes the technical details of the analyses the Federal Highway
Administration considered in preparing a report to the U.S. Congress in
response to Section 4027 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/01158/
Surrogate Safety Measures From Traffic Simulation Models
FHWA-RD-03-050
This project investigates the potential for deriving
surrogate measures of safety from existing microscopic traffic simulation
models for intersections. The process of computing the measures in the
simulation, extracting the required data, and summarizing the results is called the surrogate safety
assessment methodology. These surrogate measures could be used to support evaluation of traffic engineering alternatives
for safety at signalized and unsignalized intersections.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03050/
Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed Management
FHWA-RD-98-154
This report presents a synthesis of research findings on the
safety effects of speed, speed limits, enforcement, and engineering measures to
manage speed. The report updates a similar synthesis published in 1982 and
highlights the results of significant safety research related to speed
completed since then.
www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/speed/spdtoc.htm
Testing and Evaluation of a Portable Work Zone Sign Support: FOIL Test Numbers 98F008 and 98F009
FHWA-RD-98-183
This report contains the test procedures, setup, and results
from two crash tests performed at the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA)
Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory. FHWA will use this report and other
information to determine the portable work zone sign support's level of safety.
Library and www.ntis.gov, PB99-130288
Testing of State Roadside Safety Systems, Volume IV: Appendix C-Crash Testing and Evaluation of a Pennsylvania Transition Design
FHWA-RD-98-039
This report presents studies conducted to crash test and
evaluate new or roadside modified safety hardware and, where necessary,
redesign the devices to improve their impact performance. This document
presents Appendix C on evaluating a Pennsylvania transition design.
Library and www.ntis.gov, PB99-155103
Testing of State Roadside Safety Systems, Volume XI: Appendix J-Crash Testing and Evaluation of Existing Guardrail Systems
FHWA-RD-98-046
This report presents studies conducted to crash test and
evaluate new or modified roadside safety hardware and, where necessary,
redesign the devices to improve their impact performance. The three major areas
addressed in this study are the impact performance of bridge railings,
transitions from guardrails to bridge railings, and end treatments for
guardrails and median barriers.
Library and www.ntis.gov, PB99-155111
Testing of State Roadside Systems, Volume I: Technical Report
FHWA-RD-98-036
This report presents studies conducted to crash test and
evaluate new or modified roadside safety hardware and, where necessary,
redesign the devices to improve their impact performance.
www.ntis.gov, PB99-155079
The Bicycle Compatibility Index: A Level of Service Concept, Final Report
FHWA-RD-98-072
This report describes a methodology for deriving a bicycle
compatibility index (BCI) for use by bicycle coordinators, transportation planners, traffic engineers, and others to
evaluate the capability of specific roadways to accommodate both motorists and
bicyclists. The BCI methodology was developed for urban and suburban roadway
segments (i.e., midblock locations exclusive of intersections) and incorporated
variables that bicyclists typically use to assess the "bicycle friendliness" of
a roadway (e.g., curb lane width, traffic volume, and vehicle speeds).
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/tools/docs/bcifinalrpt.pdf
The Bicycle Compatibility Index: A Level of Service Concept,
Implementation Manual
FHWA-RD-98-095
This report demonstrates the application of the bicycle
compatibility index (BCI) to evaluate the capability of urban and suburban roadway sections to accommodate both motorists and
bicyclists. The BCI methodology will allow practitioners to evaluate existing
facilities to determine possible improvements and to determine operational and
geometric requirements for new facilities.
www.hsrc.unc.edu/research/pedbike/98095/body_index.html
The Capability and Enhancement of VDANL and TWOPAS for Analyzing Vehicle Performance on Upgrades and Downgrades Within IHSDM
FHWA-RD-00-078
This report documents the results of research on and
recommendations for defining and analyzing vehicle performance on upgrades and downgrades on two-lane rural roads. It also
provides a comprehensive review of the capabilities of a vehicle dynamics simulation and a traffic flow simulation,
and discusses relevant literature that might have an impact on future upgrades.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00-078.pdf
The Effect of Crosswalk Markings on Vehicle Speeds in Maryland, Virginia, and Arizona
FHWA-RD-00-101
This report focuses on the effect of crosswalk markings on
vehicle speeds at uncontrolled intersections in Maryland, Virginia, and
Arizona. This was part of a larger Federal Highway Administration research
study investigating the safety effectiveness of crosswalks for pedestrians.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/0101.pdf
The Effects of Traffic Calming Measures on Pedestrian and Motorist Behavior
FHWA-RD-00-104
This report documents an evaluation of the effects of
selected traffic-calming treatments on both pedestrian and motorist behavior.
This was part of a larger Federal Highway Administration research study
investigating the effectiveness of engineering treatments on pedestrian and bicycle safety.
www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/0104.pdf
